Copper-Mediated Conversion of Complex Ethers to Esters: Enabling Biopolymer Depolymerisation under Mild Conditions

Selective processing of the β-O-4 unit in lignin is essential for the efficient depolymerisation of this biopolymer and therefore its successful integration into a biorefinery set-up. An approach is described in which this unit is modified to incorporate a carboxylic ester with the goal of enabling the use of mild depolymerisation conditions. Inspired by preliminary results using a Cu/TEMPO/O₂ system, a protocol was developed that gave the desired β-O-4-containing ester in high yield using certain dimeric model compounds. The optimised reaction conditions were then applied to an oligomeric lignin model system. Extensive 2D NMR analysis demonstrated that analogous chemistry could be achieved with the oligomeric substrate. Mild depolymerisation of the ester-containing oligomer delivered the expected aryl acid monomer.     

松木屑与褐煤共气化的TG-FTIR实验研究

利用TG-FTIR对松木屑、褐煤及其混合物的共气化过程及气化产物进行了分析，研究了掺混比例、升温速率以及反应气氛对共气化过程的影响。结果表明，松木屑加入后提高了试样的反应活性，随松木屑比例增加，气化失重速率逐渐降低，CO的开始析出温度及析出峰面积A_CO呈降低趋势；较低的升温速率有利于CO和CH₄的析出，随着升温速率的增加，DTG曲线向高温侧移动，最大失重速率显著增加，褐煤热解对应的峰逐渐消失；CO₂气氛对挥发分析出阶段的失重行为影响不明显；空气气氛时挥发分析出阶段的两个失重峰分别对应挥发分的燃烧和固定碳燃烧，该气氛下没有明显的焦炭气化阶段。     

Mild solution of semilinear impulsive integro‐differential evolution equation in Banach spaces

Through solving the problem step by step and by applying the method of a C₀ semigroup of operators combined with the Banach contraction theorem, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of a mild solution of semilinear impulsive integro‐differential evolution equation in Banach spaces. In addition, an explicit iterative approximation sequence of the mild solution is derived. The assumed conditions in the present theorems are weaker and more general, and the results obtained are the generalizations and improvements of some known results. Examples are also given to illustrate our main results. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

Mild Palladium Catalyzed ortho C‐H Bond Functionalizations of Aniline Derivatives

This account collects the developments and transformations which avoid the utilization of harsh reaction conditions in the field of palladium catalyzed, ortho‐directed C?H activation of aniline derivatives from the first attempts to up‐to‐date results, including the results of our research laboratory. The discussed functionalizations performed under mild conditions include acylation, olefination, arylation, alkylation, alkoxylation reactions. Beside the optimization studies and the synthetic applications mechanistic investigations are also presented.     

一类1 < α < 2非局部条件下的脉冲分数阶微分方程mild解的存在性

本文研究了一类1 < α < 2非局部条件下的脉冲分数阶偏微分方程mild解的存在性问题.利用解算子的相关性质及Krasnoselskii不动点理论的方法,获得了这类方程的mild解并予以证明,且得到了解的存在性结果.     

真实情境下问题解决的主题式教学设计与实施*——盖斯定律

当前“盖斯定律”的教学中,注重加和法、虚拟路径法等解题模型的教学,缺乏在真实情境中对物质转化及其能量关系的理解,学生无法感受到盖斯定律在生产中的价值。本文以“能量视角下煤的气化对于提高煤的燃烧效率的意义”为研究主题,通过分析建模、实验验证、情境回归等认识并应用盖斯定律,从能量视角再认识煤的气化对于提高煤的燃烧效率的意义,并且认识到利用化学反应可以实现对能量进行调控,如对工业废热的再利用,深化能量守恒观和能源节约意识,达成提升学科核心素养的目标。     

B(C6F5)3-Catalyzed Aza-Friedel–Crafts Reaction of Indolizines with 2-Aryl-3H-indol-3-ones

A Friedel–Crafts reaction of indolizines with 2-aryl-3H-indol-3-ones catalyzed by B(C₆F₅)₃ is described. This protocol gives access to indolizine derivatives that are valuable building blocks in synthetic and pharmaceutical chemistry. The reaction proceeds under mild conditions, affording various C2-quaternary indolin-3-ones based on indolizine with high yields and regioselectivities. Moreover, the synthetic transformations of the target products were realized by N-methylation and trifluoromethane sulfonation.     

Practical Synthesis of 2-Iodosobenzoic Acid (IBA) without Contamination by Hazardous 2-Iodoxybenzoic Acid (IBX) under Mild Conditions

We report a convenient and practical method for the preparation of nonexplosive cyclic hypervalent iodine(III) oxidants as efficient organocatalysts and reagents for various reactions using Oxone^® in aqueous solution under mild conditions at room temperature. The thus obtained 2-iodosobenzoic acids (IBAs) could be used as precursors of other cyclic organoiodine(III) derivatives by the solvolytic derivatization of the hydroxy group under mild conditions of 80 °C or lower temperature. These sequential procedures are highly reliable to selectively afford cyclic hypervalent iodine compounds in excellent yields without contamination by hazardous pentavalent iodine(III) compound.     

Tetrazolo[1,5‐a]quinoline‐4‐carbaldehyde and its Schiff base on mild steel as corrosion inhibitor in 1 M HCl solution: electrochemistry,theoretical and SEM surface analysis

The corrosion inhibition impact of two quinoline derivatives, viz tetrazolo [1,5‐a] quinoline‐4‐carbaldehyde ( TQC ) and (Z) ?5‐methyl‐N‐(tetrazolo [1,5‐a] quinolin‐4‐ylmethylene) thiazol‐2‐amine ( MTQT ), has been examined against mild steel in 1 M HCl solution using conventional weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, linear polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, quantum chemical, and scanning electron microscopic studies. The experimental results have showed that TQC and MTQT revealed a good corrosion inhibition and that the inhibition efficiency increases with the increase of concentration of inhibitor to attain 94.54% for TQC and 99.25% for MTQT at 25 ppm. Polarization measurements suggest that TQC and MTQT act as a mixed‐type inhibitor. A synergism between inhibitors can be observed by polarization measurements. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy measurements show an increase of the transfer resistance with the inhibitor concentration. Adsorption of TQC and MTQT on the mild steel surfaces in 1 N HCl solution follows the Langmuir adsorption isotherm model. Furthermore, quantum chemical calculations have been conducted using B3LYP functional and 6‐31G(d,p) basis set to complement the experimental evidences. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.     

氧化钙对胜利褐煤焦水蒸气气化反应性能及微结构的影响

研究了CaO对胜利褐煤焦水蒸气气化反应性能及微结构的影响。脱除矿物质的胜利褐煤混合不同含量的CaO后在1 100 ℃下进行热解得到相应的煤焦,采用BET、XRD和Raman技术对其进行表征,同时在微型固定床反应器上对所制得煤焦进行水蒸气气化实验。比较添加CaO不同含量煤焦的反应性表明,添加2%(质量分数)的CaO对煤焦水蒸气气化的催化作用很小,而CaO添加量增大到5%时,煤焦的气化反应性能明显提高。煤焦比表面积随CaO添加量的提高而增大。XRD结果表明,在热解过程中,CaO能有效地抑制煤焦向石墨化方向发展趋势。煤焦002和100峰的峰强度随CaO添加量的增加而降低,且煤焦芳香度从66.8%降至39.9%。Raman光谱结果表明,随着CaO添加量的增加,I_D/I_G由1.363增加至1.541,I_G/I_all由0.423减少到0.394。意味着由于Ca的催化作用,煤中大芳香环结构的裂解速率明显增加,且随CaO添加量的增多,煤焦的无序化程度和晶格缺陷均增大。